Ego vs Id; Ego vs Mastery

There are two types of goals, and they're defined by one's motivation to achieve said goal.

Performance-oriented goals (also known as "ego goals") are goals where people are focused on demonstrating their competence and ability at a given task. 

When people are most concerned with seeing that their ability is judged relative to others, and are looking for gaining favorable judgments, they're what we call "performance-oriented".

Mastery-oriented goals (also known a "learning goals"), on the other hand, a goals wherein people are focused on learning, mastering tasks, self improvement, and developing new skills.

When people are most concerned with bettering themselves and learning for learning's sake, they're what we call "mastery-oriented".